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Living in Violence – The New York Times


Thirty-five people have been killed in mass shootings in Buffalo, Uvalde and Tulsa over the past few weeks, focusing the nation’s attention on America. unique gun problem.

At the same time, about 1,800 people were killed and nearly 500 injured in the nearly 1,600 other shootings in the US, including at a warehouse party in Los Angeles last weekend. Mass shootings account for less than 4% of gun homicides in a typical year, and most gun violence in the US takes another form. So I went to Chicago, where shootings happen every day in some areas, to see what more typical gun violence looks like.

There, I met Jomarria Vaughn, 24 years old. After serving time in prison for domestic violence and weapons charges, he tried to rebuild his life. But the past haunts him.

The last time he went on Facebook, he discovered his best friend had been shot dead. Now, he tries to stay away from the site, fearing that posting the wrong thing could anger the wrong people – and make him a target.

In his neighborhood, he tries to avoid spending too much time “outside the block,” he says. Even if he wasn’t the target, violence was so pervasive there that Vaughn worried he might be hit by stray bullets.

“I’m scared,” Vaughn told me. “I’ve been on guard all day.”

This is the daily life of many black Chicagoans. Citywide, the murder rate among Blacks was higher than it was from the 1980s through the 1990s — a period of violence that spurred mass incarceration across the country. Black Chicagoans are nearly 40 times more likely to be fatally shot than whites, according to an analysis by the University of Chicago Crime Lab.

Highly concentrated violence: Just 4% of neighborhoods account for the majority of shootings across Chicago, according to Crime Labs.

Similar disparities exist across the United States. Black and brown neighborhoods have higher rates of poverty, and violence is concentrated around poverty. Violence has increased to such an extent that a few neighborhoods, neighborhoods, or residents are responsible for most of the shootings and murders in a city or county. This is true in both urban and rural areas, says Patrick Sharkey, a sociologist at Princeton.

Disparities are considered murders has spiked nationwide as of 2020. So while numbers are often reported through a national lens, the reality is that a fraction of the population – disproportionately poor, Black and Brown – suffer the most.

The concentration of violence has another effect: It pushes violence out of sight for most people.

In Chicago, 51 people were shot in Chicago over Memorial Day weekend – five-year high. Almost all of the victims were in the South and West parts of the city, mostly black and brown.

Only when violence occurs close to home does it attract more people’s attention. That happened across the country this year in the wake of mass shootings at schools and grocery stores, where Americans can imagine themselves or loved ones falling victim. In Chicago, public outrage over a shooting last month that left a 16-year-old boy dead in the city’s downtown – a more affluent, whiter area – prompted the mayor to order a curfew on the streets of Chicago. with minors.

But it is the kind of violence that poorer, minority communities have to deal with every day, with little or no public attention. The majority of shootings never appear in national headlines.

Speaking with activists and Black residents in Chicago, I was struck by the almost placid way they spoke about the violence around them. They all have stories of friends and family members who died in gang shootings, domestic violence or road rage, or in minor conflicts over women – the Shootings are sometimes just days or weeks apart. Outside their homes, gunfire was common.

As I walked around Chicago, two worlds were clearly seen. More affluent areas look like a rich, modern city – parking meters and payment terminals built for smartphones, bustling around crowded businesses and residents ride electric bicycles and scooters. Poverty areas are marked by investment reluctance: dilapidated houses, tall buildings and few or no shops.

What I see is evidence of a vicious cycle that causes a concentration of violence in an area, experts say. Poverty leads to violence, which leads to reduced investment, which leads to more poverty and violence. Coupled with a police force that fails to solve most murders and shootings, this cycle becomes difficult to break.

In contrast, other communities have more social support to prevent violence, including good jobs, better schools, well-kept parks and recreation centers, and responsive police.

So, for most Americans, violence is something they can hear on the news but don’t deal with often. But for those in the hardest hit communities, violence is a fact of everyday life. Like Vaughn, they look forward to it – and worry that they might be the next victim.

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